The Impact of Emerging Health Issues Methicillin Resistant Essay

The Impact of Emerging Health Issues Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus (VRE) - Essay Example Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterecoccus (VRE) represent two of the epidemiologically significant pathogens that are resistant to antibiotics, which are responsible for hospital-acquired infections. The reason for their importance is because infections due to these pathogens are responsible for significantly higher morbidity and mortality rates, and hospital costs than infections caused by susceptible organisms of the same species. In addition to this are the rapidly rising rates of infection from these antibiotic resistant pathogens in the past two decades. In current times nearly half of the nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus infections are due to MRSA, and almost a fourth of all nosocomial Enterecoccus infections are due to VRE. This makes these two antibiotic resistant pathogens significant to the healthcare sector (Salgado & Farr, 2003). Staphylococcus aureus is an aerobic, non-motile, gram-positive bacterium. According to Bloch, 2001, â€Å"Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the human skin, vagina, nasopharynx, and gastrointestinal tract†. It is estimated that ten to thirty-five percent of all healthy adults have transient or persistent nasopharyngeal colonization of S aureus, and this percentage is one the higher side among individuals working in the healthcare sector due to handling of colonized patients. S aureus has intrinsic properties that enable it to inhibit host immune defenses and render the penicillin and penicillin-derived group of antibiotics ineffective. Thus inactivation of the penicillin and penicillin derived group of antibiotics is the result of the enzyme beta-lactamase produced by S aureus. More than seventy percent of the S aureus strains are known to be capable of producing beta-lactamase. These strains are collectively known as Methicillin-resistant

Unit 4 complete Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 4 complete - Assignment Example In the US, the federal courts have special jurisdiction (Neubauer & Meinhold, 2013). Subject-matter jurisdiction refers to a court’s responsibility over matters and concepts of a case (Neubauer & Meinhold, 2013). On the other hand, personal jurisdiction refers to a court’s power over the persons involved in a case. In crime, causation of harm must be confirmed. In addition, a convicted person must have been in the right mental state to certify the validity of case. In essence, the defendant person should be proven to have acted with malice aforethought (Gross, 2012). Besides, the court process should prove the defendant as having actually acted or unlawfully omitted an act. In certain cases, a prosecutor may refuse to prosecute a given criminal case. For instance, there could be inadmissible evidence. In addition, a backlog of cases may require postponement of a given case. When a certain party in a lawsuit has unguarded jurisdiction, several problems may arise. To begin with, such a person may direct the case to suit one’s interests rather than the interest of justice. In addition, such a person may make mistakes that jeopardize a lawsuit process since one faces limited questioning from other parties. Besides, laxity from the single party may lead towards incompetent rulings. The US court’s system possesses a hiercahy at the federal and the states’ level. The federal courts exist in every state, and they represent the judicial branch of the US Federal government (Neubauer & Meinhold, 2013). On the other hand, the state courts operate under the unique states’ constitutions and laws. The federal court system operates in terms of districts and circuits. The circuit courts are the state appellate courts, which report to the US Supreme Court. The state courts divide into trial courts, appellate courts, and highest state courts. The main purpose of US courts is to defend the individual freedoms and rights that every citizen holds.