Police Discretion And Criminal Justice - 1274 Words

Police discretion is a unclear term that has an appropriately vague explanation. It is stated as the decision-making ability given to police officers that permits them to determine if they want to engage in police procedure or just let someone go with a word of warning. How it seems in drill is altered from situation to situation. Police discretion is a extremely essential aspect in acts relating criminal justice. There has been a daily predicament regarding the enforcement of the law. Discretion in the broader awareness that can be declared as the individual’s knowledge to make a ethical choice based on the standard of procedures of the act. Throughout practising and training, the officers are given different scenarios that they possibly come upon when officers are out duty. However, the scenarios given are not exhaustive and the police officers usually are challenged with challenging situations that insist on their personal choices. The laws don’t go over the full characteristics, consequently there are contentiously new laws and laws being transformed, permit the police officers to use their own discretion. There are also scenarios in which the law is vague and the police officer will neglect the different version of the law and state his/ her discretion in arriving at a choice (Meares, 2013) The quality of the police work and the work surroundings involve the use of discretion. A police officers works in an environment where they are often alone in theirShow MoreRelatedThe Police Discretion And Criminal Justice System Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesReforming the Police Discretion Criminal justice system has three main subsystems: police, courts and corrections. Each subsystem has its particular duties, but they work together to meet the goals: doing justice, controlling crime and preventing crime (Cole, Smith, DeJong, 2015). Although this system had been built for a long time ago, continuously, some of its policies need to be reconsidered and reformed to suit the society with various situations. One of the characteristics that exercisedRead MorePolice Discretion And The Criminal Justice System Essay2078 Words   |  9 Pages Police discretion is widely considered a vague term that has an appropriately vague definition. It is defined as the decision-making power afforded to police officers that allows these individuals to decide if they want to pursue police procedure or simply let someone off with a warning (Beckett, 2016). It is an important enforcement option in policing and plays a key role in our criminal justice system here in Canada. Examples of when discretion is used include: traffic violations, youth crimeRead MoreDiscretion Of The Criminal Justice System1509 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion, undoubtedly plays a massive role and is implemented in various aspects of the system. But what is discretion? Discretion, as defined in Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer, is merely the freedom to choose among different options when confronted with the need to make a decision. As significant part of the criminal justice system in Canada, being a police officers â€Å"involves the use of a significant amount of discretion† (McKillop Pfeifer, 2004) . Due to the portrayal of the police byRead MoreLegal - Discretion in the Legal System Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesExplain the role of discretion in the criminal justice system. As a society we believe that offenders should be held accountable for their actions but also treated fairly in the criminal investigation, trial process and sentencing. As a result of this, the power of discretion, that is the ability to choose from a range of options, is granted to some authorities ensure some flexibility for decision making within the system, enabling a more holistic outcome for all parties involved. The issuesRead MoreThe Public Idea Of Discretion1220 Words   |  5 Pages(2011) describe the public idea of discretion as a very misunderstood aspect of police work, therefore making the public’s opinions of police operations negative in some circumstances. Abdullah and Wells (2011) also highlight Packers crime control model saying that â€Å"A crime control model places high value on efficiency in apprehending and punishing offenders† and â€Å"to operate efficiently the officers must act quickly†. A more concise definition of police discretion is viewed by many law enforcementRead More Criminal Justice System Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesenforcement, namely enacting the law, police discretion, and assessment of criminal behavior. Different entities create and enact laws that are specific for the societies those laws represent. In the United States the criminal justice system is broken down into two models, the Consensus model and the Conflict model. The procedure of achieving justice is comprised on three basic levels: policing, justice, and corrections. The two models of criminal justice system are influenced by a plethora ofRead MoreDiscretion Within The Criminal Justice Process1667 Words   |  7 PagesDiscretion in policing and the court system is a necessary and unavoidable facet of criminal justice work, yet it is still very controversial. Discretion exists when courtroom actors (police officers, attorneys, judges) have the flexibility to choose an appropriate response to a situation. Police discretion is defined as â€Å"The opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities† (Nowacki, 2015). This means that actors with a great deal of discretion at their disposalRead MorePolice Discretion1244 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Police Discretion Jocelyn Golphin University of the District of Columbia Criminal Justice System 2/21/2014 Golphin 2 Police discretion is a very important approach in matters concerning criminal justice. There has been a consistent problem between enforcing the law and the spirit of the law. Discretion in the broader sense can be defined as the individual’s ability to make a decision basing on the principle of courses of the action. During trainingRead MoreDiscretion Of A Law Enforcement Officer873 Words   |  4 Pageswhen it comes to policing there are a lot of grey areas. This is where discretion plays an important role. An officer will use discretion in almost every situation he or she encounters; however there are times where an officer’s discretion is limited. There are many different factors that come in to play, some that are limiting to an officer’s discretion, and some that increase an officer’s discretion. The role that discretion plays in policing is important because the decisions that an officerRead MoreCrime And Crime : The Criminal Justice System Es say1520 Words   |  7 Pagesof criminal activity, legal processes of the criminal justice system, and how criminal offenders are processed. Canada’s criminal justice system comprises and constitutes various stages and components. The criminal justice system is a significant tool and entity in the proper and effective justifiable administration of justice. Also, the criminal justice system aims to adhere to different goals, principles, and provisions central to administration of justice and legal processes. The criminal justice

The Code Of Ethics And Systematic Ethics - 985 Words

Abstract. The article reviewed was The Impact of Ethical Tools on Aggressiveness in Financial Reporting. The key of the abstract is to demonstrate the differences in financial reporting between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and U.S. Standards (p.477). More in depth the research focuses on the code of ethics and moral duties of company top management. Introduction. The authors study the financial scandals and the recent financial crisis to demonstrate the gap between market processes and accounting standards. The IFRS and U.S. GAAP differ in contrary nature of accounting standards. GAAP is considered as rule-based standards, while IFRS viewed as a principle-based. Therefore, the professional judgment on financial improprieties is highly important (p. 479). The main objective of the research is to specify the impact of ethical setting on judgment and decisions of accountants. The code of ethics and systematic ethics trainings can diminish the inconsistencies from accounting policies. The study is important due its analysis of mechanisms and alternatives of decision-making, and the influence of code of ethics on chief officers’ strategic choices (pp. 484-485). The authors focuses on the problem: how accounting standards contribute to the professional judgment, company financial performance, and earning management. The authors discuss issues that arise because of the unethical financial reporting. Literature Review. The systematic review of literatureShow MoreRelatedEthics : Ethical And Ethical Dilemmas1473 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics Help the Helper in Ethical Dilemmas Fred L. Slack University of the Rockies Abstract In ethical decision-making, there is an established way to address resolving ethical dilemmas systematically and following established decision-making steps to resolve ethical dilemmas effectively. Applied established ethical-decision making steps along with an understanding of established ethical codes is essential Here we will comprehensively discuss how a professional wouldRead MoreCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and1500 Words   |  6 PagesCode of ethics serves as the moral compass that directs and guides the integrity, values, and beliefs of an organization. A code of ethics clarifies to employees what the company stands for and its expectations for employee conduct (Daft, 2013). A well-written code is a true commitment to responsible business practices in that it outlines specific procedures to handle ethical failures. Within the research enterprise, the code of ethics ensures that research projects involving human subjects areRead MoreEthical Decision Making : Ethics982 Words   |  4 Pagesselecting an ethical dilemma case from our text Corey, Corey, Callanan, (2011), I will discuss how to apply systematic steps toward the resolution of the dilemma. While the case is under review the steps that I would take in making an ethical decision will be explained. Also, how to include the client in making the decision will be studied. I will look at what ways is accounting for the APA Ethics Code important for decision-making. In closing, the importance of each basic moral principle involved in theRead MoreFinancial Reporting Between The International Financial Index Standards ( Ifrs ) And U.s. Standards890 Words   |  4 Pagesthe code of ethics and moral duties of the company top management. The researchers studied the financial scandals and the recent financial crisis to demonstrate the gap between the market processes and accounting standards. The IFRS and U.S. GAAP differ in a contrary natu re of accounting standards. GAAP is considered as rule-based standards, while IFRS viewed as a principle-based. Therefore, the professional judgment on financial improprieties is highly important (p. 479). Moreover, the code of ethicsRead MoreOrganizational Ethics934 Words   |  4 PagesWeek Three Managerial Ethics †¢ Identify typical ethical problems of managers. †¢ Recognize differences in ethical behavior and responsibility between an employee and a manager. Course Assignments 4. Readings †¢ Read Ch. 6 7 of Managing Business Ethics. †¢ Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. 5. Learning Team Instructions †¢ Begin preparing for the Ethics in the Workplace Case Study Action Plan Presentation due in Week Five by reading one of the following case studiesRead MoreStandards For Financial Decision Making926 Words   |  4 Pagesmodel behavior by guardians of business. Literature Review. The authors use a systematic review of literature in the research. The literature review is categorized into three parts: general principles of decision-making, the role of guardian and conservator in decision-making, the relationships between fiduciary duties and financial decision-making. The researchers analyze NGA standards, court standards, code of ethics for guardians, accreditation standards, and state standards through the studyRead MoreScience Is The Pursuit And Application Of Knowledge971 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know that science is all of these. But, what is science? According to the Science Council (http://www.sciencecouncil.org), â€Å"Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.† This website further states: Scientific methodology includes the following: †¢ Objective observation: Measurement and data (possibly although not necessarily using mathematics as a tool) †¢ Evidence †¢ Experiment and/orRead MoreEthics Code Of Professional Ethics980 Words   |  4 Pagesdemonstrates the importance of AICPA’ â€Å"Code of Professional Ethics† and its components, and the influence of management perceptions on firms’ ethical environment (p. 919). Introduction. The authors study business ethics, compliance with ethics code, ethical issues, and ethical behavior of company management. The researchers concern with ethical believes of company employees and executives, and growing number of legal proceedings due to ethical issues. The ethics code help professionals maintaining independenceRead MoreCode Of Ethics : Code Ethics1334 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CODE OF ETHICS 1 CODE OF ETHICS 5 Code of Ethics Hieu Le Columbia Southern University Code of ethics is the most essential aspect of the society that organizations and individuals need to fulfill and apply this aspect in their workplaces and families in order to achieveRead MoreCode of Ethics - Nursing1475 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological care, but also to critique and reflect on the standard of health care practices. For the nurses to do this, they must understand ethics and ways in which to utilize this knowledge in a constructive and systematic way. In doing so, they are able to deliver the care required by the profession and also expected by the society. The importance of the code of ethics for registered nurses guarantees that nurses are accountable for their actions, ethical problem are dealt with in a most appropriate

How to Create an Effective Technology Support Team Free Essays

How to Create and Effective Technology Support Team May 10, 2010 University of Phoenix People in every workplace speak of building the team, working as a team, and my team, but few understand how to create the experience of teamwork or how to develop an effective team (Heathfield, n. d. ). We will write a custom essay sample on How to Create an Effective Technology Support Team or any similar topic only for you Order Now Technology has become a critical need for any business to profit in a positive way. This research paper will explain a few key elements that are a requirement to have an effective technology support team. An explanation of how personalities can affect relationships within and beyond the technical staff. Belonging to a team, in the broadest sense, is a result of feeling part of something larger than yourself (Heathfield, n. d. ). Organization Structure Organization structure is very important in a team environment because it will help define and understand the team and team members of the organization. Appointing a team leader for the team is a powerful asset and will tend to keep everything in order within the organization. It is best to form the team with different abilities because it will create a more complete understanding of the requirements. The appointed team leader should provide some type of statement to the team members advising the team members of the goal and expectations of the team. It is very important to become acquainted with the team members so the motivation will be there to strive for the best. After the information is given questions are address then the leader will appoint all team members with their roles and responsibilities. This will avoid any overlap or extra responsibilities among whose job is to do what. Team Operation When a team is put together, it is extremely valuable to bring the team ogether in a project area. The proximity of the team members will provide a number of benefits. Interpersonal relationships will develop at a steady pace leading to more effective and timely communication of information. The team must remember that the team leader is not the manager of the team; however is consider a coach or facilitator. This is very important to remember so the team can operate together efficie ntly. Planning is another important part of the team operation because it will keep everything running smooth and on time. Planning helps the team understand the project objectives, customer requirements, goals, cost, and schedule. Communication Communication plays a major part in possessing an effective technology support team. The team represents the company and all the customers know of. It is extremely important for all team members to listen effectively to ensure the understanding of the customer needs. If the communication is not open and understood the team could fall apart. It is often impossible to fix a misunderstanding in which technology is concerned (Techsoup for libraries, 2009). If the team leader have not identified and communicate the needs clearly at the beginning of a technology project, there may be little or no room for changes later on (Techsoup for libraries, 2009). It can affect the entire company, employees, and customers. Software has so many dependencies that a small change may cause a number of consequences. It is much better to catch a minor issue at the beginning instead of at the end of the problem. Misunderstanding any communication within the technical realm can lead to a waste of time and effort. It is important to listen actively to ensure the clarity of the client to avoid troubleshooting a problem that is the wrong problem. This type of miscommunication will affect the end user and will cause a longer time frame for resolution. To ensure the communication is efficient the technical member will need to remember three important factors. First, ensure that they are aware of whom they are speaking with. They will need to distinguish if they are speaking with a client who is knowledgeable on a technical level or not knowledgeable on the technical level to determine how he or she will need to speak to the client. Second, the technical team member will need to know how familiar the client is with the technology library. By understanding what level the client is on concerning the knowledge the team member will be able to adjust the attitude and language given. Last, all the members of the team need to stay refresh with the basics of interacting with fellow team members, supervisors, and clients. Personalities Another element in building an effective technology support team is the consideration of the individual personalities of the team members (Kearns, 2009). This portion is basically on the team leader position because the team leader will need to know how the other team members will affect each other to avoid any personality conflicts. The team leader has to remember three questions to ask him or herself about the team members to ensure the entire team is on the same level. First, the team leader will need to know do each individual work well in a team environment. Second, will need to ensure all members can handle peer criticism constructively. Last, needs to make sure the team members’ goals and efforts are in line with the team and not for themselves. If none of the three questions are thought of, it can cause a high turnover rate and will cause difficulties with training. Technology is a must have in the 21st century now and possessing an effective support team is vital. Building a good team is the best thing a team leader can do to achieve a successful project. With the right attitude, a team will overcome almost any difficulty to succeed in its goals. In most projects there will be instances when only the determination of the team can overcome the difficulties and continue to strive for success (Lycos, 2010). Trainings will help assist with continuing the strong teamwork with the team and to have knowledge of any new technology release. Teamwork is the key to having a successful project and will continue to increase the business in a positive way. References Heathfield, Susan. (n. d. ). Twelve Tips for Team Building: How to Build Successful Work Team. Retrieved on May 11, 2010, from http://humanresources. about. om/od/involvementteams/a/twelve_tip_team_2. htm Kearns, William. (2009). Building a Technology Support Team. Retrieved on May 11, 2010, from http://www. articlesbase. com/technology-articles/building-a-technology-support-team-1594409. html Lycos Retriever. (2010). Team Building: People. Retrieved on May 11, 2010 from http://www. lycos. com/info/team-building–people. html TechSoup for Libraries. (2009). Building a Te chnology Team. Retrieved on May 11, 2010, from http://www. techsoupforlibraries. org/? q=cookbook-3/planning-and-decision-making/building-a-technology-team How to cite How to Create an Effective Technology Support Team, Essays

Public Health and Obesity in UK and the US

Question: Analyse how and why the policies are similar and/or different in these two countries? Answer: Obesity is a major public health issue in global context, and the prevalence of this disease is affecting the mortality and morbidity rates in the developed and developing countries. Therefore, the governments of different nations are undertaking precautions by developing policies and implementing these in the national health care frameworks. Obesity is an emerging issue in the international health care framework. In UK, the obesity rate is enhancing, and the nation is considered as the third highest rate of obesity or excess weight. In the case of both male and female, obesity is counted within top five countries dealing with the high rate of obesity prevalence. Obesity is not only affecting adults, but the prevalence is addressed in children in an equivalent manner. According to Abdel-Hamid et al. (2014), obesity enhances the chance of other fatal diseases including major heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and high blood pressure as well as mental disorder including depression. In this essay, the development of obesity-related policies in two major nations, UK and US would be discussed, and the status of policies in these two countries would be compared. To understand and compare the status of obesity prevalence and the related policies in UK and US, at first, the understanding of obesity is needed. In U.S., according to the report of Ganter et al. (2015) 30.6% adults are obese, within which 5.1% are extremely obese, the rate of prevalence in children include 31.5% within the age of 6-19 years. Obesity is not only affecting individuals but is has become a social stigma. In U.S., the obese individuals are two times more likely to be affected by hypertension and three times more likely to have diabetes type II disorder. In the US the severe obesity in adults cost state medical programs about $8 billion in 2013. In England, most of the residents are overweight; it has been revealed that the two-third people are obese or excess weight. In comparison to UK, the obesity prevalence in UK is 61.9% in adults, whereas the obesity prevalence in children, within the age group of 2 to 15 years is lower than U.S. prevalence rate, it is 28% in U.S. In U.S. also, obese people has increased risk of having type II diabetes and heart disease as well as certain type of cancer. It also affects the self-esteem and mental health of obese people. It has been estimated that in the health problems associated with obesity or overweight costs more than 5 billion per year by NHS (Ghauri, 2012). Obesity is an increasing risky health concern. Hawkes, Ahern and Jebb (2014) opined that, obesogenic environment in the developed countries in encouraging the over-consumption of energy rich foods and discouraging physical activities, which is imposing people to the increasing health concern obesity'. Therefore, countries should develop policies regarding the restriction of marketing of unhealthy food to children, making affordable healthier food, more taxes on the unhealthy and sugary foods. People in both U.S. and U.K. there are a debate regarding the role of government in addressing obesity. Therefore, the role of government should be analyzed in policy development and implementation. It has been revealed that in terms of government's activity, the UK government has undertaken more active role in preventing obesity than the role of government in U.S. A wide range of agencies in U.S. and U.K. are dealing with different aspects of obesity issues including food assistance, marketing, food access, quality, public transportation, food labeling and research (Gov.uk, 2015). While assessing the policies and their roles in preventing obesity prevalence, the awareness about the roles and responsibilities of stakeholders of obesity is necessary. While assessing the stakeholders and their perspectives, the role of local and national government, local community, family, medical professionals, food habits of the locality and the role of food advertising should be addressed. In this context, the role of advertising of food staffs has a greater power in enhancing the rate of obesity in both adults and children. In the case of childhood obesity in UK, schools have a major role in promoting healthy diet and thereby reducing the consumption of high-energy foods which enhance the rate of obesity. In U.K. studies of stakeholders, demographic differences have also shown major role in influencing the food habit of people. In a survey it has been revealed that, 79% parents reviewed their irresponsibility leads to the obesity syndrome in a child (Lund, 2009). On the othe r hand, schools have been shown to be responsible for 52% and the food manufacturers are 43% responsible for the prevalence as well as the prevention of the childhood obesity. In addition, U.K. survey revealed 33% role of government and 32% role of media, 28% role of supermarkets and 23% role of broadcasters in the increasing rate of obesity prevalence rate in U.K. In this context, parents are seen to be over-confident about their food habits and their most of the middle-class parents are not fully aware of the causes and effects of obesity, who are aware of these facts are not fully exclude whole categories of foods rather they limits HFSS foods, but prefer pre-packaged or chilled foods, which are not so healthy for the children. According to the guidelines of WHO, the schools in both UK and US are involving different health promotion for giving awareness to the pupils about the risk factors and causes of obesity. However, there are financial barriers to providing healthy foods, however, sometimes schools lack control over food provision. There is a major role or television advertising on the obesity-related health issues. Television promotes frequent snacking, pre-prepared meals, fast foods, and includes the excessive exposure of the HFSS food product's advertisements (McAllister et al. 2009). In a survey based on global perspective, the adults and children showed the need for ongoing support for sustaining behavioral changes during the treatment of the obesity and health care professionals suggested that, the self-management based health interventions are more important for controlling the obesity prevalence rate. In UK to promote healthier food choices, Food standard agencies also have a major role. In com munity stakeholder's perspective, one of the major constrains of the policy making, and implementation is the social and economical status of people. Community programs are reported to make successful results in controlling obesity in the specific community. The government of UK implemented different health and lifestyle change policies for ensuring effective and healthy food choice s of people. Governments have a wide power in controlling obesity by the legislative frameworks and policy implementation. In the US also, government is implementing new trends in the physical education for children, after school activities and primary preventive policies for obesity and healthy food habits (Meikle, 2015). Dinning in restaurants and fast-food centers have become a regular culture among the people. Researchers found that this culture or habit has contributed severely to spread the epidemic of obesity. However, dining in fast food restaurants has done more harm than dining in normal restaurants. Local reports show that dining in a fast-food restaurant allows a person to consume 200-300 kcal while dining in a normal restaurant allows the visitors to gain 24kcal, which is negligible. It can be said that reduction in the frequency of physical education is another reason of obesity among the people. However, some reports have argued that nowadays people are participating more frequently in any sports event. But the increasing amount of obesity is telling that participating more in sports events has not helped to cause of preventing obesity (Musingarimi, 2008). UK has been enlisted as the third highest nation for high prevalence of obesity. The UK has brought the obesity-related disparate activities under the national strategy, reflective of the more perpendicularly integrated system of the country while compared with the status of the United States. On the other hand, in U.S. the state and local governments are assuming a greater role in the obesity intervention, while decentralizing the decision making and characterization of US health, other policies and education. In U.S. the nonprofits and philanthropies funders for obesity prevention are also playing important roles in implementing policies, research, and advocacy (Nap.edu, 2016). In UK, the obesity-related policies are implemented via three major roles of British Government; generating a coalition for change, contributing to delivery and support programs and exercising leadership. Based on the current trends, in January 2008, the British government undertaken Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives policy with an investment of 372 over three years; the primary focus is children. The second major role of UK government is the creation of coalition for changing the society-based broad improvements. A cross-government obesity unit known as the coalition for better health' reported to the department of health and for children department. Childhood obesity is one of the major priorities within the Public service agreements, which has been set as the government-wide goals for three years period. Besides the national government, the coalition encompasses business, the third region including nonprofit and civic organizations and the greater public (Noo.org.uk, 2016). The Coalition for Better Health works with these groups in the social campaign known as the Change4Life. The Healthy Weight, Healthy Live policy identifies the biological, cultural and environmental factors contributing to obesity and supporting programs and policies in preventing weight problems in early childhood, promoting healthy food choices, creating incentives for better health, building physical activity into regular life and providing personalized advice and support for obese people. This strategy includes involvement of the academic community, a network of regional obesity leading to the establishment of supporting public health directors and knowledge sharing within each region through regional obesity policies. The third role of UK government is to provide supporting programs in implementing Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives, thereby strengthening the provision of information for best practice, peer support and research findings (PBS NewsHour, 2016). In the US, CDC has been developed effective tools for preventing obesity including a serious of maps. The major role of CDC policy is to monitor epidemics and recognize the effective strategies implemented at state and local community levels including reduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and encouraging physical activity and reducing television viewing. The National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research (NCCOR) brings researchers on particular issues and research potential investments. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission considers voluntary standards for foods advertised to young ones. There is a major role of philanthropies in obesity prevention in the US, for example, RWJF has allocated $500 million to reduce childhood obesity by 2015 through 5 years (RWJF, 2009). Both UK and US people are suffering from serious health problem because of obesity. However, both countries have applied different health policies and strategies to deal with those problems. This part of the assignment will focus on comparing those health strategies of those two countries (Youth et al. 2005). UK government has undertaken three strategies to fight with obesity problems. Those strategies are exercising leadership, creating a coalition for change and offering delivery and support programs. Based on the data of Foresight report, in the year of 2008, the British government adopted the Healthy weight and healthy Lives methods to fight against the rising problems of obesity and overweight. UK has made an investment of 600 million to prevent obesity in the children. According to Sedghi (2014), increased breastfeeding, increased physical activity, and more precise food labeling may play a major role in preventing obesity in the citizen on UK. To gain improvement in each society in UK, the government has created a coalition for change. The government has established a cross-government obesity unit" the coalition for better health" that reports directly Department of Health and Department of Children, local schools, and families. This unit also works with other agencies related to the environment, planning, transport and other salient areas. However, Government is giving more priority to childhood obesity problems (WSJ, 2016). The third strategy that British government adopted is relevant programs and services to implement healthy weight, healthy lives. These services serve to prevent obesity at its early stages by advising healthy eating, activities that are more physical, etc. Local delivery of programs has been strengthened by the provision of data and other research findings (Stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk, 2016). On the other hand, US have adopted a CDC obesity map to share knowledge about obesity to their citizens. CDC has created a series of maps that exhibits the increase in the prevalence of obesity by state and by year.As the maps change colors from year to year, and the citizens can witness how obesity is affecting every state in the country. In the US, some federal agencies and other entities are also playing important roles in addressing the epidemic. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services are offering economic support to the poor families to improve their health. CDC's another role is to monitor the overall condition of obesity in the country. Based on the data they decide whether to increase pricing for sugar-sweetened foods or not (Staniford et al. 2011). In conclusion, it can be said that, obesity is an emerging health issue, which is becoming one of the most prevalent health issues in developing as well as developed countries. It has been revealed that, this disorder is affecting the economy of health care framework in different countries. Therefore, nations are attempting to develop effective health policies for preventing and reducing the prevalence rate of obesity. In this essay, the health policies related to the major health issue obesity in UK and US has been discussed and compared. From this essay, it has been revealed that, the government has been taken significant initiatives for combating with this major health issue. However, the health policies and the role of government are more visible and active in UK in comparison to the US. Reference List Abdel-Hamid, T., Ankel, F., Battle-Fisher, M., Gibson, B., Gonzalez-Parra, G., Jalali, M. et al. (2014). Public and health professionals misconceptions about the dynamics of body weight gain/loss. System Dynamics Review, 30(1-2), 58-74. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdr.1517 Ganter, C., Chuang, E., Aftosmes-Tobio, A., Blaine, R., Giannetti, M., Land, T., Davison, K. (2015). Community Stakeholders Perceptions of Barriers to Childhood Obesity Prevention in Low-Income Families, Massachusetts 20122013. Preventing Chronic Disease, 12. https://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd12.140371 Ghauri, Z. (2012). A Comparison of Dividend Policy of UK and US Banks over the Period 2003-2007 from Shareholder's Point of View. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1321451 Gov.uk,. (2015). 2010 to 2015 government policy: obesity and healthy eating - GOV.UK. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/2010-to-2015-government-policy-obesity-and-healthy-eating/2010-to-2015-government-policy-obesity-and-healthy-eating Hawkes, C., Ahern, A., Jebb, S. (2014). A stakeholder analysis of the perceived outcomes of developing and implementing Englands obesity strategy 20082011. BMC Public Health, 14(1), 441. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-441 Lund, J. (2009). Financial reporting and disclosure requirements for trade unions: a comparison of UK and US public policy. Industrial Relations Journal, 40(2), 122-139. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2338.2008.00516.x McAllister, E., Dhurandhar, N., Keith, S., Aronne, L., Barger, J., Baskin, M. et al. (2009). Ten Putative Contributors to the Obesity Epidemic. Critical Reviews In Food Science And Nutrition, 49(10), 868-913. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10408390903372599 Meikle, J. (2015). WHO report: 74% of men and 64% of women in UK to be overweight by 2030. the Guardian. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/may/05/obesity-crisis-projections-uk-2030-men-women Musingarimi, P. (2008). Obesity in the UK: A Review and Comparative Analysis of Policies within the Devolved Regions. The International Longevity Centre - UK. Nap.edu,. (2016). 3 Government Structures to Address Obesity | Perspectives from United Kingdom and United States Policy Makers on Obesity Prevention: Workshop Summary | The National Academies Press. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.nap.edu/read/12861/chapter/5 Noo.org.uk,. (2016). International Comparisons :: Public Health England Obesity Knowledge and Intelligence team. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.noo.org.uk/NOO_about_obesity/adult_obesity/international PBS NewsHour,. (2016). How U.S. Obesity Compares With Other Countries | PBS NewsHour. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/how-us-obesity-compares-with-other-countries/ RWJF,. (2009). Local Government Actions to Prevent Childhood Obesity. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2009/01/local-government-actions-to-prevent-childhood-obesity.html Sedghi, A. (2014). How obese is the UK? and how does it compare to other countries?. the Guardian. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2014/may/29/how-obese-is-the-uk-obesity-rates-compare-other-countries Stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk,. (2016). Child obesity - food advertising in context. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/market-data-research/other/tv-research/food_ads/ Staniford, L., Breckon, J., Copeland, R., Hutchison, A. (2011). Key stakeholders' perspectives towards childhood obesity treatment: a qualitative study. US National Library Of Medicine National Institutes Of Health Search Database. WSJ,. (2016). The Experts: What Role Should Government Play in Combatting Obesity?. Retrieved 25 January 2016, from https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323741004578419031512580080 Youth, I., Koplan, J., Liverman, C., Kraak, V. (2005). Local Communities. National Academies Press (US). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK83817/

The Spread of Religions Essay Example

The Spread of Religions Paper Short Writing Assignment # 2 Topic: The Spread of Religions 11/20/2011 Question 1: How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the world, and why are they practiced so far from their origins? Answer 1: Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam spread across the world by use of four common practices. Missionaries spread the faith to new areas. These missionaries adapted their message to the existing culture of the area and adopted elements of existing religious traditions. Pilgrimage was encouraged and allowed the pilgrim to express devotion through the hardships of travel and expand their world-view. Through the use of relics, people were allowed a personal connection to the story of the religion. They are practiced all over the globe, far from their origins. One reason is forced conversion such as the conversion of the Saxons by Charlemagne under threat of death. Another is diaspora such as when the Romans expelled the Jews from Judea and they scatted all over the earth. Question 2: How did these three major world religions change and adapt to diverse cultural circumstances? Answer 2: Buddhism adapted the Chinese culture in China and flourished there to an extent that China became the center of pilgrimage and dispersion even though India was the source. It adapted to Chinese culture easily because the Chinese idea of Wuwei was very similar to the idea of Nirvana as taught by Buddha. Christianity adapted to the indigenous religions in many ways. We will write a custom essay sample on The Spread of Religions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Spread of Religions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Spread of Religions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Just a few: The Church of the Holy Sepulcher was once the site of a shrine to Aphrodite. Christmas is now the celebration of Christ’s birth even though no one knows the day he was born. European Christians absorbed their old pagan tradition of the celebration of Yule into the practice of their new religion. Sufi missionaries adopted local cultural practices into the practice of Islam to attract converts. Question 3: Why did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam emerge when and where they did? Answer 3: Each religion spread mostly in near proximity to its source: Buddhism throughout eastern Asia from India to China then on to Japan and Korea. Islam spread from Arabia through western Asia and across North Africa. Christianity spread across the Mediterranean from Judea then through Europe during the dark ages when Europeans needed a sense of unity and stability after the loss of the same after the fall of the Roman Empire. Europeans then carried it with them when they settled the New World. Question 4: How did Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam interact with, provide justification for, and conflict with various states and empires in Afro-Eurasia? Answer 4: Buddhism became the state religion of China as the nobles embraced and patronized it. Christianity became the state religion throughout Europe after the nobles embraced it then forced the conversion of their subjects as in Kiev and the mass conversion of the Saxons under the threat of death. Islam supports trade so Arabian traders spread it throughout their travels.

Hate Relationship with Writers and theInternet

Talkin About a Revolution The Love/Hate Relationship with Writers and theInternet When the masses first realized the power and reach of the Internet, it was a bit like the fences being torn down at Woodstock. They werent very effective anyway, but once they were down, everyone, the dirty, the silly, the outrageous, and the dull stormed into the mudpit. In the days before the Internet, it was mighty hard to get published in any sense of the word.   Writers without the backing of a traditional media house had to resort to zines, vanity presses, or just weeping quietly over their Chai teas in sporadically attended coffee-house gatherings. All that would soon change. While there still may not be a lot of money out there for the majority of writers, there is coveted exposure.   Consider this. In 2003, there were 500,000 blogs on the Web. By 2004, there were 4 million. The latest statistics available reveal that by December of 2010, there were 152 million blogs. Some real writers were, and are, skeptical.   And with the dawning of social media such as Facebook, the chance for anyone who fancies himself a writer to post whatever and whenever the muse strikes them, only makes many of those authors roll their eyes even farther back into their heads. Consider the poem    The New Yorker   published this week by mega-star author Sherman Alexie: The Facebook Sonnet Welcome to the endless high school Reunion. Welcome to past friends And lovers, however kind or cruel. Lets undervalue and unmend The present. Why cant we pretend Every stage of life is the same? Lets exhume, resume, and extend Childhood. Lets all play the games That occupy the young. Let fame And shame intertwine. Let ones search For God become public domain. Let church.com become our church. Lets sign up, sign in, and confess Here at the altar of loneliness. While Alexies sonnet does not speak directly about the irritations many published authors feel about lesser known or obscure writers, the themes comes across as a bit cranky, and perhaps somewhat patronizing towards those who put their thoughts out there in written form for all to see. I have spoken to many authors who do not feel blogging is real writing (and granted, a lot of it is not, but some of it is).   And Facebook?. PLUUUEEEZE. The way I see it, the good writers will eventually win out and there is no harm in letting the poorer ones at least try to improve their skills.   Many of my friends are writers, and they regularly post their poems, essays, or just general witticisms on Facebook.   The feedback I personally get is invaluable, and I enjoy being able to be exposed to the thoughts of my friend and colleagues, as well as helping them in return by way of comment, support, or constructive criticism. While writers like Alexie may poo-poo the common man and his attempt at communicating, other writers are more accepting. I was surprised when I asked some very famous authors like Marge Piercy to friend me (not just become a fan of her page) and she accepted, as did Albert Brooks and Lewis Black. Now, I cant know if they personally ever view their Facebook pages, but they might and who knows? Im one of the 152 million vying for a spot at the table in Olympus.

Corporate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Corporate finance - Essay Example However, the board decided to acquire Forthnet in Greece on the premise that overseas buy-out will result in higher revenues in the long run. Regrettably, the acquisition of Forthnet was proved to be disastrous for Go Plc, and this demonstrates that how holding excessive cash could destabilise an earlier profit-making company. The choice by Go Plc to go for acquisition instead of paying out the excess cash to shareholders by way dividend has been exceptionally disadvantageous as corroborated by constant fall in its share price and the erosion of shareholder value immediately after the acquisition. The optimum level of cash balances that a company can have is the cash balances to meet their expenses, interest and capital expenditures and some level of cash balances to meet any extraordinary scenarios. Anything more than that will be regarded as too much cash reserves held by a company. The quick ratio and the current ratio will help to understand whether a company is having adequate cash reserves to cater their real time cash needs. Naturally, investors get worried about companies that hold â€Å"too much† cash because huge cash balances minimise the shareholder’s value as they offer lesser returns on their capital. The main contention of the David Einhorn, who is the manager of Greenlight Hedge Fund who successfully obtained an injection from the court against Apple Inc to declare dividend from its cash reserves there by compelling to declare the dividend from the Apple’s cash reserves. Hence, there is a likelihood that the value of shares of the Apple may increase by $50 per share or more after such a dividend declaration. Further, Apple shareholders are more worried that Apple may use these excess cash balances for negative mergers or acquisitions. This is supported by the precedents such as Microsoft’s blunder acquisition of aQuantive at $6.3 bn, EBay’s bad

No Topic Required Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No Topic Required - Assignment Example ly, it shows that Jack Levine may have learnt to make use of several skills such as cubism in accord to both the atmosphere, and the various images that have been noted in his painting. Although, the location of the painting is not very clear, there is a representation of both men and women in the society posing in anticipation of a certain event. One wonders whether the painter may have intended to communicate anything through this painting or was it a way of indicating how art can be useful (Bender 13). What is striking about the painting is how each element that has been noted is so distinct yet it is almost the same colour that was used to make a painting. This is noted from the background, which displays a housing structure, the individuals themselves and their clothing and lastly the dogs. The strokes of the painting display different edges and the colours schemes are distinctly applied to show a clear linkage between the various structures of the body. For example, the arms and the faces of the individual clearly show they are black people. Also notably, the painting shows the mood. The dogs are barking and held by the various individuals. This act of barking in itself portrays agitation, an excitement that is not clear. The faces of the individuals on the painting are also expressionless and looking to the same direction, which probably reaffirms why the dogs could be under some excitement. The surrealism in Birmingham 63 not only does denote how different individuals are at a specific time of the day, but also it brings out some element of surprise all which sums up to our initial thought of the intention of the painter in the first place. Clearly, the painting only shows one side of the coin, which are people going about their daily activities and an events halts them to look in the direction they are currently looking. The kind of dressing by these individuals notes the possibility that they may go about their daily activities (Bender 15). Bender

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design Research Paper

Conflict, Decision Making, and Organizational Design - Research Paper Example One way is to engage negotiation strategies. Negotiation can be observed everywhere in strong and subtle ways – in the market, haggling for the best prices, commissioning a young, talented artist for a new project; or closing a huge deal with a known company. There is more to negotiation than mere compromise. Negotiation is an interaction that occurs when 2 or more parties attempt to agree on a mutually acceptable outcome in a situation where their preferences for outcomes are negatively related. Two opposing positions come to a compromise. Lax and Sebenius (1986) add that in negotiation, a better outcome through joint action is achieved rather than when each party would act independently. The element of conflict also arises due to varying preferences and priorities of the different parties. Negotiation becomes a way to resolve such conflicts and compromise on a joint decision, usually, the middle ground stand. McGrath (1984) claims that negotiation is a mixed-motive process - the negotiating parties cooperate to reach an agreement and at the same time, compete to fulfill their own interests. From these definitions of negotiation, it is apparent that negotiators should possess several skills in order to be successful in getting what they bargain for. At the same time, negotiation entails multiple processes that occur simultaneously within each negotiating party such as decision making, research, critical judgment and effective communication, among others. Negotiating strategies involve bringing opposing parties together face to face wherein each individual or group brainstorm on their decisions for the negotiation. When each of the negotiating party becomes aware of the other’s proposed stand or idea, it then becomes the time for bargaining. In the case of business negotiations, this is the space between their reservation prices for the product or service offered and the assumed reservation price of the other party. They come up with their own BAT NA or their â€Å"best alternative to a negotiated agreement†, a strategy proposed by Fisher & Ury (1981). Thompson and Leonardelli (2004) explain that when the first cards set out the table during negotiations fail, then BATNA becomes a fall back alternative of negotiators. BATNA considers all options available for both parties including the reservation price, market information and aspiration levels of each negotiating party. Knowing the other party’s alternatives will help facilitate one’s decision-making process if these are compared with one’s own alternatives (Buelens & Van Poucke, 2004). 2. Determine how evidence-based management could be applied to the work environment you researched. Reay, Berta & Kohn (2009) defined evidence-based management as being â€Å"about making decisions through the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of four sources of information: practitioner expertise and judgment, evidence from the local context, a critical evaluation of the best available research evidence, and the perspectives of those people who might be affected by the decision† (as mentioned in Briner, Denyer, and Rousseau, 2009, p. 19) Applied in the work environment of health care and health insurance this definition would translate to upholding high standards of care. Integration of the best available evidences from thorough research and practice should deliver high quality patient-centered care considering the patient’

Strategic Business Management And Planning A Swot Analysis Of Pepsico Business Essay

Strategic Business Management And Planning A Swot Analysis Of Pepsico Business Essay The greatest rival of Pepsi is Coca Cola. Coca Cola is an international recognized brand. Its brand name is its basic strength. But Pepsi is successfully maintaining its No.1 position in India as with its aggressive marketing planning and quick diversification in creating and developing more ideas and product packaging. Pepsi is operating in India, through 36 bottlers all over India. These bottlers are Pepsis strength. Pepsi has given franchise to these bottlers. Bottlers distribute, produce and help in promoting the brand. Pepsi also launched its fast food chain KFC i.e. Kentucky Fried Chicken. Pepsi is a very well organized multinational company, which operates almost all over the world even in India it has also proved to be the No.1 soft drink. The purpose of this assignment is study the strategies which Pepsi has applied in India market for its product Pepsi Cola. Pepsi International is a world renowned brand. Also did analysis of the soft drink industry in India and worldwide. The worlds leading beverage sector are soft drinks. Global consumption of soft drinks is rising by 7-9% a year and soft drink consumption increased by almost 500% during last 50 years (Putnam and allshouse 1999). Contents Index Page No. Introduction Pepsi operates almost all over the world and it is a very well organized multinational company. Pepsi International is world renowned brand. One of the best carbonated drink producers is Pepsi. It is best in quality, hygiene and serving all over the world. The production of Cola by Pepsi is more than 100 years and it has controlled the world market for over a century now, its head office is situated in New York. About PepsiCo in India PepsiCo arrived in India in 1989 and has become the countrys largest selling food and beverages Company. PepsiCo has created a business which serves the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India and it is one of the largest multinational investors in the country. Soft drinks observe healthy growth in India. The group has developed an expansive beverage and foods business. There are 36 bottling plants in India of which 13 are owned by the company and 12 are owned by the franchisee, to support its operations. In expansion to this, PepsiCos Frito Lay foods division has 3 state-of-the-art plants. PepsiCos vision is to make tomorrow better than today as it business is based on sustainability. Its commitment to living by this vision every day is visible in its contribution to the country, consumers and farmers. Mission Every business starts with mission and vision. A mission statement is an approved, short, written statement of the purpose of the company or organization. The mission statement should teach the activity of the organization, give out its overall goal, and guide the sense of direction and decision making. It arranges the framework or context within which companys strategies are designed. (hughes K 2005) According to the companys official site, PepsiCo Incorporateds mission is to make it: the worlds chair consumer products company, focusing on benefitted foods and beverages. PepsiCo contest to produce healthier financial rewards to investors as it provides chances for growth and enhancement to its employees. So the overall mission of PepsiCo is to expand the value of shareholders investments. This is resulted through growth of sales, cost controls and wise investments of resources. PepsiCo believes in providing products that are safe, wholesome, economically efficient and environmentally sound and also believes that their commercial success depends upon offering quality and value to their customers and consumers. Vision PepsiCo is one of the largest companies in the world. It is the worlds largest consumer products companies. PepsiCo initiates in focusing various strategies and believes that they will drive growth and ensure the companys success. When planning any change in mission and objectives it is important to consider their result of such a change on the companys long term strategies. Whatever PepsiCo is doing, it seems to be doing well. The biggest exposure combined in changing mission and objectives would be a loss of focus and loss of momentum. (PepsiCo Vision and Strategy) SWOT Analysis Strength-Weakness-Opportunities-Threats A SWOT analysis summarizes the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organization. SWOT helps the company to look itself for better and for worse. SWOT is a mean by which the company can better understand what it does very well and where its shortcomings are. It helps company size up the competitive landscape and gets some insight into the vagaries of market place. SWOT is centered to make an internal analysis effective and accurate so that specific strengths and weaknesses of the company with the sound strategy can be built. Source: www.scribd.com/doc/30755295/swot-analysis-pepsi Porter Five Forces Strengths One of PepsiCos top brands i.e. Pepsi is one of the most acknowledgeable brands of the world, ranked according to Interbrand. It was ranked 26th amongst top 100 global brands since 2008. The strength of the brands of PepsiCo is distinct in PepsiCos presence in over 200 countries. It has the largest market share at 39% in the US beverage and at 25% in snack food. It is a multinational company which is very strong and has strong and vast distribution channels. It has a very good relation with Franchise. This company is quality conscious and provides good quality products. Technological Factor Technology is used in manufacturing and packaging of the product, transportation of raw material or delivery of product. Technology affects the transportation costs, production costs and unskilled labor. It also plays an important role in packing of product. The market need to study several important topics to make the best use of modern information technology and marketing information system as strategic asset. The company has a tag line Ye Hi Hai Right Choice Baby. Technology is shaping peoples lives as the most dramatic forces. PESTEL Framework relates this factor. PESTEL Framework Weakness By using weakness analysis we can know about the companys weaknesses and shortcomings so that the profit can be rebuilt. PepsiCo is reliant upon particular carbonated drinks and there is a saturation of carbonated soft drink segment. The company has centralized making factor. One of the strongest weaknesses of this company is that the products it produces target only the young customers. The Franchises are political. Not all products bear the company name. Overdependence on Wal-Mart The largest customer of PepsiCo is Wal-Mart. Therefore the business strategy of Wal-Mart influenced the PepsiCos fortunes. PepsiCo is in pressure to hold down its prices because of Wal-Marts low price themes. Bargaining Power of Customers The power of buyers is the force that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong the relationship to the producing industry is near to what economist terms- a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Under such market conditions the buyer sets the price. In India the bargaining power is low as the products produces the company is accepted by the consumers. There is no participation of consumers in deciding the taste of soft drink. (Porters Five Forces) Bargaining Power of Suppliers For carbonated soft drink industry there are few suppliers. Every producing industry requires raw materials- components, labor and other supplies. This enhances the buyer-supplier relationship between the industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products. Also, it is safe to assume that Pepsi and Coke sales account for a large percentage of the suppliers total revenues. The overall bargaining power of suppliers is resulted to be low. Porters Five Forces model can be applied from the above. Today the people are very trendy sensitive towards the advertisement. Therefore people drink Dew on fashionable and trendy. Considering this PepsiCo targeted new generation people and they are able to differentiate between them, few people are conscious about caffeine so they might have negative anticipation about soft drink. Also some people think that in manufacturing process soft drink companies spreading the pollution. We can relate this above statement by applying PESTEL analysis as the social factor is affected because of above point. Opportunities By the increasing population in India it increases the opportunities to the company. As more people keep more demands and also the continuous shifting trend of population also increases the opportunities for the company. For instance, people will exchange to soft drinks from juice and fast foods as the effect from changing social trends. One of the most potential weaknesses seeking by PepsiCo is dependency on US Markets by acquiring Russias leading Juice Company, Lebedyansky in the United Kingdom. By introducing TrueNorth Nut Snacks and increasing its Lipton Tea venture with Unilever, it continues to expand its product based. These recent initiatives enable PepsiCo to regulate in changing lifestyles of its consumers. The demand of Pepsi is over the competitor. PepsiCo can join with major showrooms restaurants with more opportunities. New products can easily penetrate in the market and the most benefitted chance for this company is that non-carbonated is fast growing industry in the world. With increasing opportunities the company does internet promotions and ordering processes. Threats New Entrants Any firm can enter or exit in a market and if free entry or exit exists, then profits always could e nominal. As the raw materials, machinery, labors are easily available in the country there are no barriers to entry in the soft drink processing industry. Because of the generations of loyal customers, the retaliation level of the companies in the industry is very low. According to Porters Five Forces model a new entrant to an industry brings new competence a wish to gain market share position and rather new approaches to serving customer. New player means price will be decreased and margin squeezes which results in low profitability in long run. (Michael Porter, competitive strategy 1980 pp7- 33). The challenge to Pepsi is to build further the brand loyalty in their core cola products so that the consumers will not switch to the cheaper, private label imitations products. Pepsi must maintain the good relations with large retailers as the access to distribution channels is currently one of the largest barriers to entry. Rivalries can also affect the threats of the company. From the model of Porters Five Forces rivalry refers to the actions taken by the firms in the industry to improve their position and gain advantage over each other. All the companies are charging the same prices against their products in the industry. If Pepsi increases the prices of the soft drink, all the companies follow the same path. In a maturing market such as the domestic carbonated sodas, the only way to gain market share is to steal from ones rivals. Substitutes- Substitute products refer to the products in other industries. A threat of substitutes occurs in the change of prices and the product demand is affected of a substitute product. If the more substitute products become available of Pepsi, the demand becomes stretchier since customers have more alternatives. (Michael E Porter Competitive Strategy 1980 pp7-33) Pepsi has a substitute available in the market so that the cola consumption decreases it increases the consumption of bottled water, juices, teas and energy drinks of Pepsi. Conclusion From the above discussion on PepsiCo should increase its market share by tie up with different restaurants and clubs as well as continue or go up with already adopted strategies increase its share through huge advertisement and through sponsoring different events such as it continuously sponsoring cricket matches at national and international levels. It is concluded that the strategies bought up by PepsiCo is not making any effect on the sale of Cola, whereas one is cannibalizing others market only. It is also found that Pepsi brand is behind the Coke especially in Muslim dominated area, which makes a major difference in the market. Pepsi should also focus on increasing pricing advantage. This can be done by one of the ways by giving reverse quantity discounts on new packaging. Another strategy can be used y providing bundled products to convenience stores and restaurants. It can be said that although lagging behind in different products or different areas Pepsi has been able to market their products and increase market share and market growth by applying different strategies and approaches.

Is Walmart Good? Essay -- Business, Global Powerhouse

Wal-Mart, the multi-billion company and the second largest employer in the world, is the most controversial corporation in the world. Wal-Mart is a global powerhouse and affects many people around the world. Wal-Mart is constantly getting attacked from unions, human rights groups, small towns and small businesses. Wal-Mart is accused of treating their workers poorly and driving small businesses out of business. But however these accusations are false or over exaggerated. Wal-Mart offers families and low income people quality products. Also, they pay their workers competitive wages and treat them with respect. Wal-Mart opens their stores in rural and under developed areas. Wal-Mart improves the lives of the people who live rural area and improves their lifestyles. Wal-Mart opens stores at rural areas that are destitute. These people don’t have the ability to buy the newest and best products around. That lifestyle of buying and getting the newest item is foreign to them. Thanks to Wal-Mart these people are able to see this lifestyle and experience themselves (Coster 1). Wal-Mart provides low prices for people to afford more of these great products and to stretch their dollar more. People are saving hundreds of dollars and those savings due add up. According to a study by the New England Consulting group, U.S. consumers save $100 billion annually, or $600 for the average America family (Maich 6). These savings for consumers and families are astounding. This data is not only about for those who shop at Wal-Mart but this data is about all consumers. This is so because â€Å"Wal-Mart sells for less, it forces competitors to cut prices in order to compete† (Maich 6). A study by a UBS Warburg analysts show the impact Wal-Mart has on c ompet... ...ses. No other retailers offer these benefits. Wal-Mart employees are content because of these benefits. Hewitt Associates, a human resource consulting firm, ranked Wal-Mart as the best retailor for workers satisfaction for three years. (Maich 5) This data shows that Wal-Mart is a great place to work for. Wal-Mart is beneficial to many types of people. Wal-Mart is good for the economy and good to it workers. Wal-Mart hires many people from different walks of life and offers their workers many benefits that others retailers don’t offer. Wal-Mart with their low prices benefits consumers and help consumers to save. Wal-Mart is a positive to local economies and improves profits of local businesses. Wal-Mart is not a monster as critics’ states and all these attacks by critics are incorrect. Wal-Mart is not perfect but it is better than most of the other corporations.

John Updikes a & P Is a Coming of Age Story Essay

John Updikes short story, A & P is about a 19-year-old boy, Sammy, and his short but decisive transformation from a carefree teenager to a grown man with the consequences of his actions weighing heavy on him in the end. On an otherwise ordinary day, the course of Sammys life is changed by an out of the ordinary experience which challenges him and compels him to make a rash decision that is based on what he knows in his heart is right for him. Sammy tells the story as if it is just another day while the life-changing event unfolds in a manner of minutes. He gives insight about the town by giving short character descriptions that are revealing, not only of each character, but also of Sammys feelings about the town, the people in it, and his personal perspective on the life that he is living there. Although the character descriptions paint a negative picture, the negativity has more to do with Sammys thought of living in this town with these characters for much more of his young life. It is clear that Sammy is more than ready to move on, beyond where his life is now. Sammy offers few facts about himself other than that he is 19 and lives with his parents in a small, conservative, New England town. Sammy points out that the town is not far from the location of the Salem witch-hunts and burnings in centuries past. The elusion to Salem leaves an image of a lingering puritanical cloud over the town and its people. The story takes place in the A & P grocery store in the heart of the downtown area where Sammy works as a checkout clerk. Sammys co-worker, Stokes, is 22 years old and married with two children. Stokes station in life represents a lifestyle that is not out of reach for Sammy, but certainly not the lifestyle that Sammy desires for his life although it is not clear even to Sammy what exactly the lifestyle that he desires is. Sammys boss, Mr. Lengel, who is a conservative and outspoken man, is a Sunday school teacher and the manager of the A & P. Mr. Lengel is the living image of everything that Sammy does not ever want to be. The customer that Sammy refers to as the cash-register-watchers and a witch (560) is a character that epitomizes Sammys disdain for the attitude of the usual customer that comes through his check out line on a daily basis, as well as the entire citizenry of his small hometown. The life-altering event begins to unfold in the very first line of the story. In walks these three girls in nothing but bathing suites (560). The very first characters who are introduced in the story are everything that is not acceptable in this ultra conservative town, although the three girls bring with them a burst of pure innocent sunshine. Everyone in the store gawks at the three girls as if they have never seen a girl in a bathing suit. The fact is that they probably had never seen a girl in a bathing suit anywhere other than a place to swim which emphasizes that this is an ultra conservative town with puritanical attitudes. Sammy and Stokes are very preoccupied with the sight of the girls and they enjoy every second of it. Mr. Lengle, who doesnt miss that much (563) is fully aware of the enjoyment that Sammy and Stokes are having. Mr. Lengle insults the girls by telling them that they are not decently dressed. In the girls minds, uncluttered by the collective oppressive attitude that is the norm in the store, they are decent and see nothing wrong with their appearance. At this point, Sammy feels embarrassment for the girls and at the same time realizes that he is part of their embarrassment, because he is a part of the collective puritanical attitude. He also realizes that this is a turning point for him. Sammy has arrived at a cross road in his young life and he realizes that if he is ever going to become what he sees for himself in his future, and if he is ever going to reach what he truly desires in his life, he must make a decision. He must decide to break free from the collective attitude or remain a part of it. Sammy makes the decision to break free from the puritanical and oppressive attitude of all of the generations before him. Sammy quits his job and he does it while the girls are still in the store hoping that the girls will take notice that he does not have the same attitude and moral judgment of them and that he does not condone it. He hopes that the girls will see him as their hero. As Sammy takes off his A & P apron and bow tie, he is shedding the old puritanical views and attitudes. As he walks out of the store, he embraces his newfound freedom and coming of age, although he also realizes that his parents will not be pleased. Sammy has known for some time that this is what he would eventually do, and this was the day, because the three girls provided a good reason and the opportunity for Sammy to assert himself, to become his own person with his own perspective, values, morals, beliefs and attitudes. Works Cited Updike, John. A & P. The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature. Ed. Michael Meyer. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. 560-64.

The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck

The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck Free Online Research Papers The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous Huck The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn can be read as the story of Huck’s moral development. The essay traces this development by focusing on the following† the influence of Huck’s early education in Hannibal, Missouri; the teachings and behavior of his birth father, Pap; and Lessons he learns through his relationship with Jim. Huck grew up as an outcast with his abusive father pap. He distrusts the morality of the society because it could not protect him from his abused childhood and also treats him like an outcast. Huck chooses to â€Å"go to hell† rather than follow society’s rules and â€Å"go to heaven†. He has been treated as an outcast for so long that he develops the concept of coming to a decision through intense introspection. Huck bases his decisions on his past experience and his conscience; he is untainted by the influences of society. In the novel, Mark Twain depicts a hypocritical society; the people in the novel go to church, and preach for salvation; however, they do not see the cruelty of Society. Aunt Sally provides the perfect example for such hypocrisy; she is generous character in the novel yet she also own slaves. Huck lives outside the hypocrisy and he is able to see the wrongs of slavery and society. Pap is very racist and he always tells Huck about how unworthy African American slaves are. Under these influences, Huck also sees the slaves as inferior beings. Though through his journey, Huck develops an intimate relationship with Jim. Even though Huck still could not completely throw off society’s influence on him, he makes the decision of helping Jim at the risk of going to hell. Huck is torn between the outcast world and the civilized world. Adapted by the Widow Douglas, Huck learns that stealing is wrong. However, Pap always tells Huck that stealing is just borrowing. Entangled in this dilemma, Huck decides stealing certain thing is all right but there are certain things that he could not steal. This situation also tells the readers about the society. Society always loathes parents who abuse their children and devoted Christians make their life’s purpose to help people; however, Society also see it fit to abuse slaves and treat them like property. Huck’s father, Pap, is a strong initial influence to Huck; even after he left Huck, his actions still affects Huck’s decisions and values. â€Å"If I never learnt nothing else out of pap, I learnt that the best way to get along with his kind of people is to let them have their own way.† (Pg. 137) Huck was abused by pap when he was a child. These experiences left a scare that will never disappear in Huck’s heart, he learns from pap to fear authorities or adults. Like an abused child, Huck always blames himself and sees himself unworthy. Later in the story, Huck entangles himself in a situation where he has to go against the authorities and help Jim, the runaway slave, escape. Huck is able to overcome his fear of authorities, and his sense of shame to help Jim because he lacks guidance of a â€Å"proper family†, though ironically, he knows better than the adults around him. The King and the Duke are con artists that cause Huck many troubles. However, Huck still wants to warn them when he found out that the town’s people is going to tar them. Huck forgives people easily because he believes that he is wicked himself. Jim is also a great influence to Huck as they traveled down the Missouri River. In the beginning, Huck saw Jim merely as something that keeps him busy. However, through the fog adventure and the Sheperdsons feud. Huck learns that Jim truly cared about him and develops a sense of respect for Jim. From the time Huck meets Jim on Jackson’s island until the end of the novel, Jim acts as a fatherly figure to Huck. He protects Huck from pap’s corpse, he worries about Huck during the misty scene, and he is the first person that taught Huck a valuable value. He taught Huck that every man is equal and love can be inter- racial. Jim truly cared about Huck and did everything in his power to make Huck happy and comfortable. He also worries about Huck whenever Huck is not around. Jim is the true father figure for Huck. Through their trip, Huck develops an intimate relationship with Jim. This relationship with a runaway slave causes Huck’s conscience to battle with the rule of society. Even though Huck knows that society loathes runaway slaves, his conscience tells him that it is right to help Jim. Huck learns from Ms. Watson that such an act is ignominious and he will go to hell for it. Yet, he still helps Jim because he thinks that he is wicked himself and probably deserves to go to hell. Even though this decision is made under the wrong circumstance, it is the morally right decision. In the novel, Mark Twain depicts a society of hypocrisy. Huck is more righteous than any adult in the novel. He learns to read the world around him, to distinguish good, bad, right, and wrong using his own set of logic. It is because that Huck lived as an outcast that he is able to develop an unbiased personality. The apprehension of society and his relationship with Jim lead Huck to question many teachings of society. Huck chooses to go to hell rather than follow the society rules in which he finds false. Mark Twain successfully developed the character Huck, allowing the reader to travel with Huck and observe his moral development. Research Papers on The Early Moral development of Huck Magnanimous HuckComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Free Essays on Book Report For Kevin Phillips “William McKinley“

â€Å"Evaluating William McKinley† I. Identification Phillips Kevin. William McKinley. New York: Times Books, 2003. II. Author Information Kevin Phillips wrote William McKinley, Which is part of American President Series. Phillips was born on November 30, 1940 in New York, New York. Phillips has very significant educational background with Bachelors of Arts from Colgate University, Bachelor of Law from Harvard University, and he also attended University of Edinburgh. Although Phillips is a republican many regard him and his political views as â€Å"liberal Republican† (Gale). Phillips is known as one of America’s very influential political analyst. Phillips has been involved in political arena since 1964 holding jobs as Administrative assistant of congressman, special assistant to campaign manager for â€Å"Nixon for president†, special assistant to U.S. Attorney General etc. Besides that he was also a Commentator on major news networks such as National Public Radio, CBS Radio Network, and CBS Television. (Gale) Phillips wrote this book to Walter Dean Burnham and Samuel Lubell Who introduced him to the meaning of the election of 1896 (Phillips). He has written many different books and articles about politics, government, and American Economy. Some of his works include The Emerging Republican Majority; Mediacracy: American Parties and Politics in Information Age; The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath; The Cousins Wars: Religion, Politics, and the Triumph of Anglo-America; Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the Rich; The Dynastic Presidency: Family, Politics, and Fortune in the Bush Era; among many others publications (Gale). When writing this book Phillips wanted to give his readers very clear examples of why William McKinley should be ranked in the company of great presidents in American history such as Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Washington, and Jackson... Free Essays on Book Report For Kevin Phillips â€Å"William McKinleyâ€Å" Free Essays on Book Report For Kevin Phillips â€Å"William McKinleyâ€Å" â€Å"Evaluating William McKinley† I. Identification Phillips Kevin. William McKinley. New York: Times Books, 2003. II. Author Information Kevin Phillips wrote William McKinley, Which is part of American President Series. Phillips was born on November 30, 1940 in New York, New York. Phillips has very significant educational background with Bachelors of Arts from Colgate University, Bachelor of Law from Harvard University, and he also attended University of Edinburgh. Although Phillips is a republican many regard him and his political views as â€Å"liberal Republican† (Gale). Phillips is known as one of America’s very influential political analyst. Phillips has been involved in political arena since 1964 holding jobs as Administrative assistant of congressman, special assistant to campaign manager for â€Å"Nixon for president†, special assistant to U.S. Attorney General etc. Besides that he was also a Commentator on major news networks such as National Public Radio, CBS Radio Network, and CBS Television. (Gale) Phillips wrote this book to Walter Dean Burnham and Samuel Lubell Who introduced him to the meaning of the election of 1896 (Phillips). He has written many different books and articles about politics, government, and American Economy. Some of his works include The Emerging Republican Majority; Mediacracy: American Parties and Politics in Information Age; The Politics of Rich and Poor: Wealth and the American Electorate in the Reagan Aftermath; The Cousins Wars: Religion, Politics, and the Triumph of Anglo-America; Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the Rich; The Dynastic Presidency: Family, Politics, and Fortune in the Bush Era; among many others publications (Gale). When writing this book Phillips wanted to give his readers very clear examples of why William McKinley should be ranked in the company of great presidents in American history such as Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Washington, and Jackson...

The Trial of Martha Stewart essay question type

Discussing the Trial of Martha Stewart - Essay Example The evidence as presented in her trial assisted the jurors in believing beyond a reasonable doubt that Martha was guilty on four of the indictments against her. The jury could not agree that the government had proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Stewart and Bacanovic fabricated the $60 sale agreement and acquitted both parties on these counts. Stewart was not found guilty of the crime of insider trading when she sold her ImClone shares on December 27th 2001. She did, however, settle in 2006 on the case filed against her by the SEC. They had filed a civil case of insider trading against there in 2003 to which she did not admit or refute her guilt to the charge of insider trading, rather she settled. In my opinion, the U.S, Attorneys, and the Securities and Exchange Commission appeared to use sound and consistent judgment in indicting Martha Stewart. The indictments against Stewarts and Bacanovic did not happen until a year after the December 27th 2001 incident. The indictments came on June 4th 2003. This gap of time allowed enough time to investigate the situation at hand while gathering evidence from all involved parties. There is a law on the books against insider trading. The government entities are responsible for persecuting those that break the law. Martha Stewart was found guilty of breaking laws relating to the incident on December 27th, even if she could not be convicted of the crime of insider trading. Based on the information I read I have no reason to believe that prosecutors had additional motives for pursuing the case. When money is involved it is always a motivator, especially when dealing with a case of a crime against someone who is a millionaire. It would not s urprise me if there was an additional motivation; however, the information on the case was very straightforward and businesslike.

Icts role in primarks operations strategy Essay

Icts role in primarks operations strategy - Essay Example This paper discusses the operations strategy of Primark Stores Limited, a fast fashion retail company that currently operates in Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. Primark is owned by the diversified British giant, Associated British Foods (ABF) and as at the end of 2011 had 232 stores spread in continental Europe . In 2010 Primark beat Marks & Spencer and ASDA to become was UK’s largest clothing retailer by turnover, with sales of  £3,043m. Primark sells a range of fashion items targeted at people under 35 years old who are fashion-conscious. It is identified as the retailer that offers the lowest prices on the high street. Primark is a player in the relatively young retail apparel industry known as fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to the strategy where retailers count on speed of production and adoption to current and emerging design trends to market their merchandise. While fast fashion may be heaven to buyers it can be disastrous to retailers who have to keep changing their inventory rapidly if they are to capture their fashion conscious target market. This however does not prevent the industry from being very profitable. Consider this: in the apparel industry, fast fashion companies have surpassed traditional rivals in growth by seizing their market share. Furthermore, â€Å"fast fashion leaders typically earn higher profit margins than their old-guard competitors, averaging 16 per cent, versus 7 per cent for the typical specialty-apparel retailer†. (Sull & Turconi, 2008, p.5).† However, to better comprehend Primark’s industry and resulting strategies we shall first analyse the industry using Porter’s five forces. 2.1. Five Forces Analysis of Primark’s Industry The strengths of Porter’s five competitive forces has an effect on costs, prices, investments and other factors needed to compete thus they affect the average level of profitability for a given industry (P orter, 2008). This implies that these five forces have a direct correlation with the industry participants’ profitability. Using this line of thought one can therefore state that a firm’s industry structure is a major factor that determines an organization’s competitive strategy (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). The first strong force is competitive rivalry. The UK’s retail fashion industry is according to Mintel (2005) is more consolidated than the rest of Europe with the top five UK retailers account for almost 45% of sales. Secondly, following from the effect of 2008 recession on consumer disposable incomes, the industry is not a basic need category and as such has continued to experience slow growth. All the above attributes are symptomatic of industries where intensity of competitive rivalry is great (Porter, 2008). Another strong force in Primark’s industry is the threat of substitutes largely as a result of the following three characteristics: (1) the garments sold in fast fashion are not durable; (2) Primark’s offerings are low-cost; and (3) the cost of switching from one retailer to the other is very low. These three traits make it

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 19

Case Study - Essay Example The changes to the completion were mainly from Amazon which entered the market for online auctions and the entry of other smaller players who cloned eBay’s business model. These in turn made eBay look towards more innovation and building brand loyalty among its consumers as well as providing remote customer support to its users. Q2) eBay took a series of steps to ensure that it responds to the competition by going after newer products and platforms. In its quest to remain the number one online auction site, eBay pioneered a set of changes in its business model. For instance, it adopted the paradigm of going global and acting local. What this meant was that eBay expanded into international markets and retained the local flavor in each of these markets by adopting practices that were commensurate with the market in which they operated. The business model that eBay implemented relied on trust, loyalty and building brands that saw its business grow in size. To respond to the competition, eBay also introduced a wide range of products as well as invested in computing infrastructure that was needed for its aggressive forays into newer ranges of products and services. There were changes to the trading platform as well that were introduced by eBay and which culminated in the metamorphosis of eBay into a world class online auction site. Q3) The opportunities for eBay are many and some of them include newer forms of auction formats that allow innovative pricing models for its products and greater participation of the customers in the online auction site. The other opportunities arise from the expansion of eBay into Asia and other regions that are bound to get volumes of customers who would be a source of loyal customer base for the company. The most significant opportunity for eBay would arise from targeting the youth and the teenagers who form a

Price Elasticity Essay Example for Free

Price Elasticity Essay Using the calculation of: price elasticity of demand= (percentage change in quantity)/(percentage change in price) When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is greater than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be greater than 1. The first two products, Barnes and Noble books and Coca-Cola, will therefore have an elastic demand classification. When the percentage change in the quantity that is demanded is less than the percentage change in the price, the resulting absolute value of the calculation will be less than 1. The last three products of Cigarettes, Beer, and Gasoline; will therefore have an inelastic demand classification. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Explain the implications of those classifications on tax revenue collections when the per-unit tax increases as opposed to decreases. When the products are inelastic, an increase in price from the higher duty will lead to a small decrease in demand which is not enough to offset the higher tax that is raised on each unit. Basically, tax revenue collections will therefore rise. The tax revenue collections will fall when that price decreases. They move in the same direction. When the products are elastic, an increase in price from the higher duty would lead to a fall in tax revenue collections. Alternately, when the price decreases, it would lead to a rise in the tax revenue collections. The relationship here is an inverse one. (R. Glen Hubbard, 2012) Using those classifications, make some assumptions regarding tax incidence. For instance, will buyers or sellers pay a larger portion of the tax per unit? Explain. If the product is price inelastic to the consumer (if price rose, a small demand loss would be accounted for by the extra revenue), the seller is able to pass the entire or most of the burden of the tax on to the buyer. The tax incidence here falls on the buyer. If the seller is unable to raise prices because the product is price elastic (if prices rose, more demand would be lost than extra revenue gained), the seller then has to bear the burden of the tax or face decreased revenues. The tax incidence here falls to the seller. In this scenario, the burden would likely continue to flow further back to the factors of production. (Wikipedia, 2013) Conclude, based on the elasticity classifications, their effect on tax revenue and tax incidence, and which goods the government would prefer to tax. The government would prefer to tax products that are usually inelastic. The reason for this is that the quantity demanded of inelastic goods is proportionally smaller than the increase or decrease in the change in price†¦they are less responsive. Therefore the government will place taxes on these goods and they will acquire higher tax revenues. The seller basically does not care that much as they simply place most of the burden of these taxes onto the buyer. Bibliography R. Glen Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Microeconomics, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Wikipedia. (2013, April 6). Tax Incidence. Retrieved 9 21, 2013, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax_incidence

Jordans back :: essays research papers

College athletics have always been one of American's favorite pastimes. We as Americans love the thrill of hard competition. College athletics have always been at the heart of this competitive rush. They have always been something more pure than professional athletics, more than just the money. In recent years, college athletics have changed for the worse. Players have drifted away from what it used to mean to play college sports. They have fallen into illegal activities and have left fans disappointed. One of the reasons for this change is the lack of funds for the players. There are many benefits to paying college athletes. In many cases, athletes who go to school on scholarships are treated differently than academic scholarship recipients. The N.C.A.A. should not have jurisdiction over a player’s earnings outside his sports participation. The rules need to be looked at and changed. Even if each and every one of its ruler-to-the-wrist regulations was written for a sound reason, the collective impact is that the NCAA’s treatment of the student-athlete has become unnecessarily punitive and hopelessly out-of-date (McCallum, 1996). One of the biggest complaints lately from college basketball fans is that too many athletes are leaving college early to enter the draft. Some athletes are even going directly from high school to the NBA and skipping college altogether. A record number of athletes who were still eligible to play college ball entered the National Basketball Association draft. There are also plans for two new professional leagues for teen-agers, which threaten to diminish the talent pool for college teams (Blum, 1996). This upsets college fans because they don't get to see the best guys play for their school. The nation’s top high-school player, Kobe Bryant, was one of a few high school seniors who declared themselves eligible for the draft (Blum, 1996). Fans like to get to know a team and support it but at the same time, become frustrated because of players leaving. Officials of big-time basketball programs are taking a new look at their sport, arguably the NCAA, the most popular and lucrative, because of worries that it can no longer hang on to or even attract the game's biggest stars (Blum, 1996). The biggest and most obvious reason for basketball players to skip out on college and to enter into the draft is because of the big money. Many players come from poor families and run down neighborhoods.

Free College Essays - Hester as Role Model in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter – Hester as Community Role Model â€Å"Woman, it is thy badge of shame!" (107). Governor Bellingham was describing the scarlet letter to Hester while they were discussing if the punishments that Hester had to go through were adequate enough for the crime. Hester was living in the outskirts of the city in a small abandoned cottage for several years with the only thing that had any monetary value in her life, her child and the product of committing adultery, Pearl. She and her little Pearl were shunned from the community for her acts. In the Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester is punished in more than one way, and she is able to deal with it openly so the community will, over time, forgive her. The most obvious subject of punishment that Hester had to cope with is wearing the scarlet letter. "By the point which drew all eyes and, as it were, transfigured the wearer. . . was the scarlet letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom" (51-52). Hester wrought the scarlet letter before she stood on the scaffold. When Pearl asks her why she wears the letter she replies that she wears it for its gold thread. Hester wears the letter for many years, even after the people in the community care anymore, so that she will be fully forgiven for her sin. In the beginning of the story, Hester is faced with serving the temporary part of her sentence, standing on the scaffold in front of the whole town. "It was a circumstance to be noted, on the summer morning when our story begins its course, that the women of whom there were several in the crowd, appeared to take a peculiar interest in whatever penal infliction might be expected to ensue" (48). The citizens of the town had gathered to criticize Hester as she stood on the scaffold, and many of the town’s women were discussing the simplicity of Hester’s sentence, since the usual punishment for committing adultery is the death penalty. Although she had to put up with the remarks about her for three hours while she was standing on the scaffold, the ridicule followed for many years to come. Hester and her daughter were thought upon as sinners long after Hester had served her sentence.